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What is logistics?
Logistics is an area of activity that includes the organization and regulation of the processes of promotion of goods from producers to consumers, the functioning of the sphere of circulation of products, goods, services, inventory management, and the creation of a commodity circulation infrastructure. The main tasks in the transport of goods is the proper organization of processes and relationships between shippers and consignees.
The consignor must prepare the cargo for transportation, pack and fold in such a way that it is convenient to load it. The cargo must be ready for loading at the agreed time. The consignor must specify the terms of payment for the carrier and pay for the carrier's services if the payment is to be made prior to the departure of the goods. The consignor's goods are loaded, secured, sheltered and bundled in transit (Article 57 UAT). The driver-freight forwarder checks the compliance of the piling and fastening of the cargo with safety requirements and reports the discovered shortcomings and violations, after which the consignor is obliged to eliminate them.The truck must prepare the necessary accompanying documents. -
Main documents
Contract between the consignor (consignee) and the carrier (freight forwarder). Or a copy of the contract, certified by one of the parties. The contract is the basis for the transportation of the goods by the carrier. Can be replaced by the Trust Deed for the carriage of goods issued to the driver by the consignor / consignee, also with the original seals.
Waybill. Required document from the carrier. It is issued by an auto enterprise.Commodity bill is the main document of transportation. It is issued by the consignor. The transport section indicates the route, the data of the vehicle and the driver. In the commodity section - the list, quantity, weight and cost of the goods being transported, as well as a list of additional documents for the cargo. The TTNs must be certified with original seals and be issued in 4 copies (one remains on the load from the consignor, the second for the consignee, the third for the carrier, the fourth is the basis for calculating the payment for the shipment and is attached by the transport company to the invoice for payment to the customer).List of documents required for transportation: -
Additional documents
Certificates of conformity and quality, passports are attached depending on the nature of the goods.
A commodity waybill is attached, in the event that the goods section of the TTN does not contain a complete list of the shipmentInvoices and the contract between the supplier and the buyer of the goods are not obligatory documents, but are often given on the way to avoid misunderstandings with overly vigilant traffic policemen. -
The list of necessary accompanying documents for the international carriage of goods by road
Document for the vehicle (certificate of registration);
International commodity-transport waybill TIR, CMR - international waybill;Commercial documents for the transported goods: invoice and packing list (packing)To carry out the carriage of goods by road under the procedure of customs transit (internal customs transit), it is necessary to provide the following documents:Document for the vehicle (certificate of registration).Transit declaration.Commercial documents for cargo (invoice, packing list).For some goods, a certificate of conformity may be required. -
The list of documents required for the export of the goods
(copies certified by a seal and a signature)
Foreign economic contract with attachments (Specification for supply) - 2 copies each;Invoice or invoice (ORIGINAL) specifying the delivery condition in accordance with the requirements of the International Rules for the Interpretation of the terms "Incoterms" - 8 pieces;A consignment note depending on the type of transportation (CMR-1 form (8-12 self-copying sheets) with seals and signatures of the sender and the transport company), railway consignment note;TIR / Karnet TIR / (at the discretion of carriers when transported by road) - 1 form;Contract for transportation (under EXW, FCA) - 2 copies;The information on transportation costs (under EXW, FCA delivery conditions) - 2 copies or the original;Certificate of origin (СТ-1, etc.) - original + copy (if necessary to the Recipient);Expert opinion of the Chamber of Commerce on the definition of the code (if necessary) - original + copy;An extract from the bank about receiving money under an external economic contract (in the case of prepayment) - 1 copy;Resolving documents of state bodies (depending on the product code) - originals;Other documents to be sent with cargo: Act of loading, Packing list, Certificate of analysis, Certificate of quality, etc. (original);Certificate of the absence of foreign currency values and property abroad, which is valid on the date of customs clearance - original + copy;Accreditation card (accreditation) of the subject of foreign economic activity, taken into account in customs - original + copy;Payment of customs payments - if necessary;Payment for customs terminal services;Original payment order for quarantine of plants when exporting on pallets or in wooden packaging + documents confirming the processing of pallets, wooden packaging (acts of decontamination with indication of marking, expendable invoices) original + copy;Costing the original (if the goods of own production are exported);Documents for acquisition (contracts, invoices, tax invoices) - if the goods are purchased from a third party;From the driver - a pass to the terminal. -
The list of documents required for import of goods
(copies certified by a seal and a signature)
Foreign economic contract with attachments (Specification for supply) (2 copies each)Invoice or invoice (with the marks of the border customs), indicating the terms of delivery in accordance with the requirements of the International Rules for the Interpretation of the terms "Incoterms"A bill of lading depending on the type of transportation (CMR, railway bill of lading, bill of lading) (with the marks of the border customs and SES marks, ecology, radiology, quarantine and veterinary control permitting the import, use and sale of cargo)TIR / Karnet TIR / (at the discretion of carriers when transported by road)Contract for transportation (under EXW, FCA) (2 copies)Information on transportation costs (under EXW, FCA delivery conditions) (2 copies)Copy of the sender's export declarationCertificate of origin (CT-1, EUR1, EUR2, Form A, etc.) (original + copy)Expert opinion of the Chamber of Commerce on the definition of the code and the definition of value - if necessary (original + copy).Payment order under the foreign economic contract (in case of advance payment)Authorization documents of government agencies (depending on the product code)Other documents to be sent with cargo: Act of loading, Packing list, Certificate of analysis, Certificate of quality, etc. (original)Certificate of the absence of foreign currency values and property abroad, which is valid on the date of customs clearance (original + copy).Accreditation card (accreditation) of the subject of foreign trade activities, taken into account in customs (original + copy).Payment of customs duties (duties, VAT, excise duty).Payment for customs terminal servicesContract with one of the services for the recycling of packaging and packaging (Eco-cordon is no longer suitable) + original payment receipt, certified by the bankOriginal payment order for plant quarantineCost calculationPrice list of the senderInvoice (original) certified by CCI of the sending countryFrom the driver (if the container, then from the carrier) in addition to receive - a receipt MD-1, PP or PD from the border, a pass to the arrival at the terminal. -
In international transportation of cargoes by sea transport
The main document is a bill of lading. Binoculars can be two oceanic and feeder issued in a transit port when the container is reloaded from an ocean vessel to a local feeder. At customs registration of the cargo, arrived by sea transport it is necessary to give the following package of documents:
- a bill of lading,- commercial documents for cargo (invoice, packing list).- certificate of origin (Form A) for countries that enjoy preferences). -
International rules for the interpretation of trade terms
EXW *EX Works (... named place)Ex Works (... named place)FCA *Free Carrier (... named place)Free Carrier (... named place)FAS **Free Alongside Ship (... named port of shipment)Free alongside the ship (... named port of shipment)FOB **Free On Board (... named port of shipment)Free on Board (... named port of shipment)CFR **Cost and Freight (... named port of destination)Cost and Freight (... named port of destination)CIF **Cost, Insurance and Freight (... named port of destination).Cost, Insurance and Freight (... named port of destination)CPT *Carriage Paid To (... named place of destination).Carriage Paid To (... named place of destination)CIP *Carriage and Insurance Paid To (... named place of destination)Freight / transportation and insurance paid to (... named place of destination)DAF *Delivered At Frontier (... named place)Delivery to the border (... named place of delivery)DES **Delivered Ex Ship (... named port of destination)Ship delivery (... named port of destination)DEQ **Delivered Ex Quay (... named port of destination)Delivery from the pier (... named port of destination)DDU *Delivered Duty Unpaid (... named place of destination)Delivered without duty (... named place of destination)DDP *Delivered Duty Paid (... named place of destination)Delivered with payment of fee (... named place of destination)